Sheridan+P+sp2013

=**Two Types of Experiments Extension**=

The experiment was conducted to see which type of paper airplane would fly the farthest. The three types of airplanes were the Dart, Rishi Plane, and the Nakamura Lock. This was a comparison experiment because the three types of planes were compared against each other. The control was the Dart airplane, because that is the plane that most people would probably make. The independent variable, or the part of the experiment that was being manipulated, was the type of airplane. The dependent variable, or the thing that was being measured, was the distance each airplane flew. In order to conduct the experiment, each airplane was flown three times. The distance that the airplane flew was measured, and the average of the three trials was taken. The results of the experiment show that the Dart airplane is the best airplane, flying an average distance of 321 centimeters. The Nakamura Lock was the second best plane, flying an average of 297.67 centimeters. The Rishi Plane did the worst, flying an average of only 174.33 centimeters. The experiment was conducted to see if the diameter of the rubber band affects the distance if flies. This was a relationship experiment because it showed that the diameter of the rubber band has a relation to the distance it flies. The control was a 3cm. diameter rubber band, because it was the minimum value. The independent variable, or the part of the experiment that was manipulated, was the diameter of the rubber band. The dependent variable, or the part of the experiment that was measured, was the distance the rubber flies. In order to conduct the experiment, three rubber bands with different diameters were stretched two centimeters and then shot. The distance it flew was then measured. This was done three times and then averaged, to ensure accurate results. The 3 centimeter diameter band did the best, flying an average of 341.5 centimeters. The 5 centimeter diameter rubber band did second best, flying an average of 160.33 centimeters. The 7 centimeter rubber band flew the worst, flying an average of only 120 centimeters.

ISP Reflection
The experiment was conducted to determine if the ripeness of apples, lemons, and oranges affect their pH. It was determined that the ripeness of fruit does affect its pH, but the pH changes randomly when the fruit ripens. Overall, the experiment went well because there were very few "bumps in the road" like technology problems or lost data. One of the bumps in the road was when the fruit became overripe due and started to mold. Another was when we had a snow day and my fruit ripened too much. I felt good working on an independent science project once things got going, but in the beginning I was a bit nervous because I could not think of an original idea for my project. I felt good doing the experiment because I like being able to choose my own experiment and conducting it with my own methods.

ISP Job Reflection
The job of nutritionist or dietician relates to my job. The job relates to my ISP project because I did tests on the acidity and basicity of ripening fruit. A nutritionist might use that data and conduct similar experiments to find an accurate and precise way to determine the ripeness of fruit. Having an accurate way to determine the ripeness of fruit could help find a new way to keep food from molding. Someone in this career educates people about eating healthy foods, conduct research to see how the nutrient levels in food are affected during cooking, and overseeing meals in a hospital kitchen to ensure that the food is healthy enough for the patients. Dieticians usually work in a clean and well lit and ventilated area. Those who oversee meal preparation may spend lots of time in a hot, stuffy kitchen. Nutritionists who are involved in scientific experiments can spend most of their time in front of a computer analyzing data or conducting experiments.

Sheridan's Model of a Computer First model: There are a few differences between my two models: the first, and perhaps most important, is that my second model contains the motherboard of the computer. This can be described as the most important difference because all parts of the computer connect to the motherboard one way or another. The second major difference is that the second model contains a drawing of the casing and outside of the computer. The third major difference between the models is the fact that the fan is not connected to the motherboard in the first model, yet the fans are connected in the second model. Those are the major differences between the two models.

Determining if a Rock is Matter
Materials:

Rock Triple Beam Balance Graduated cylinder

The graduated cylinder was filled with 75 ml of water. The rock was dropped into the graduated cylinder. The amount the water rose was recorded and converted to cubic cm (6cm 3 ) to get the volume of the rock. The rock was retrieved from the water. The rock was then placed on the triple beam balance and it's mass was recorded (15.6 grams). The rock has a volume of 6 cubic centimeters. It had a mass of 15.6 grams. This proves that a rock is matter because it has mass and weigh

Determining if Water is Matter
Materials:

Graduated Cylinder Triple Beam alance

The graduated cylinder was placed on the triple beam balance and it's mass was recorded. The graduated cylinder was then filled with 60 ml of water-this is the volume of the water. The graduated cylinder was then weighed again with the water inside of it. The weight of the empty graduated cylinder taken from the weight of the full graduated cylinder and the final mass was recorded (68.5). The water had a volume of 60 mL. It had a mass of 68.5 grams. This proves that water is matter because it has both mass and weight.

Determining if Air is Matter
Materials: 1 Balloon Triple beam balance Centimeter cubes

The rubber balloon was weighed on the triple beam balance and the mass was recorded. It was then filled with air and weighed again on the triple beam balance. The mass of the filled balloon The volume of the filled balloon was estimated with the centimeter cubes. The air in the balloon had a mass of 0.2 grams. It had a volume of approximately 5000 milliliters. This proves that air is matter because it has both mass and volume.

Salts
Salts are ionic compounds that are formed from a neutralization reaction from an acid and a base. Table salt's chemical formula is NaCl. A crystal is a solid material whose atoms, molecules, or ions are in an ordered pattern that can extend infinitely in all three dimensions. Salt is a compound because it's atoms are bonded together, and it is a crystal. Because it is a crystal and can extend infinitely, it cannot be a molecule because it does not have a definite shape. There are over a thousand types of salts other than table salt. Here are some examples: calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, potassium cyanide, and sodium sulfide.


 * MATERIALS AND METHOD**
 * Hot plate
 * Two sets of goggles
 * Sand and salt mixture in 20 mL beaker
 * 2 250 mL beakers
 * 1 600 mL beaker
 * Filter
 * Rubber Band
 * Rubber Tongs
 * Triple beam balance
 * 1 scoopula
 * 200 mL water

A filter was set up by attaching a coffee filter to a 600 mL beaker with a rubber band. The sand/salt mixture was then poured into the filter. 200 mL of water was then slowly poured into the filter. This allowed the salt to dissolve and flow through the filter into the 600 mL beaker with the water, and kept the sand above the filter. The salt water was poured into the 250 mL beaker and the coffee filter with sand was inserted into another 250 mL beaker and allowed to air dry over the weekend. Boiling the water out of the wet sand would have also worked. The beaker with salt water was put onto a hot plate with rubber tongs and the hot plate was turned to 200 degrees Celsius. The beaker was left to boil for about 40 minutes. The beaker was then removed using the rubber tongs. When the water boiled off only salt was left inside the beaker. When dried, the sand was poured and scraped from the filter using a scoopula into a 250 mL beaker. The mass of the salt and the beaker was found with the triple beam balance. The beaker of salt was rinsed thoroughly and dried. The mass of the beaker was found and subtracted from the mass of the beaker. The same was done for the sand.

The experiment determined that there were 2.4 grams of salt and 1.4 grams of sand in the sand/salt mixture. During the experiment, I thought it was interesting how the salt clumped together on the bottom and sides of the beaker after the water had been boiled off. The salt had several ridges and small holes after it had been boiled off. This happened because the salt had been dissolved into water and did not retain its previous shape after the water was boiled off. The experiment could be improved by using a digital balance for greater accuracy and fully ensuring that the beakers were clean before using them.
 * RESULTS AND DISCUSSION**