David+G+sp2013

Two Types of Experiments Extension The experiment with the paper airplanes was to find what type of paper airplane stayed in the air the longest. Three different airplanes were compared. The American flew the longest with an average time of 3.31 seconds. The one made by Kenan, Dr. Inverted, flew with an average time of 1.205 seconds. The last was the Standard Issue, built by me, with a time of 1.14 seconds. The control of the experiment was the Standard Issue. The method used was to fly each plane three times and measure the time spent in the air. The experiment with the rubber bands was meant to find how far you need to stretch different types of rubber bands to break them. The small, white rubber band broke when stretched 27.5 centimeters. The large, tan rubber band broke when stretched 62.5 centimeters. The method used to find these results was to stretch each band until they broke twice. The control was the larger rubber band. The independent variable was the band size. The dependent variable was the breaking distance. ISP Reflection The problem was to find how the pH of a liquid affects how much it dissolves a marshmallow. It turned out that liquids of lower pHs dissolve the marshmallow more than liquids of higher pHs. I felt that the experiment went quite well, except that the snow days interrupted my 24 hour tests. It also made it impossible to do any more experiments, while other people got to do at least 2. I enjoyed working independently, mostly because I didn't have to make compromises. It also meant that I could do some work at home, meaning I could listen to whatever music I wanted. ISP Job Reflection The job that I picked that relates to my ISP was a chemist. It relates to my ISP because I dealt a lot with pH and dissolving things, and chemists sometimes do the same. A chemist develops new chemicals to solve problems, such as hair gel or synthetic fibers for clothing. A normal day could be talking with other scientists about new experiment ideas and results from recent ones. Another part would be working in a lab actually doing the experiment. An Original Model of a Food Processor The differences between the two models shown here are huge. The first thing noticed is that the original model looks two dimensional, but the final model looks three dimensional. Another thing would be that the final model is far neater than the first, and some of the words describing the parts are different. Some parts have also been combined with others in a single label.

Proving Things are Matter Rock: To prove that a rock is matter, a graduated cylinder, water, and a balancewere used. To prove the volume of the rock, the graduated cylinder was filled with 60 mL of water. The rock was put in, and from this amount was subtracted 60 mL, the original volume of the water. This number is the liquid volume of the rock. Because the metric system is far cooler than the American customary system, a milliliter of any liquid is equal to a cubic centimeter. The volume of the rock was 10 cubic centimeters. To find the mass, the stone was simply placed on the balance and measured the normal way. It was found to have a mass of 25.5 grams. From these things, it was concluded that a rock is matter. Water: For this test, a graduated cylinder and a balance were used. To find the mass of the water, the graduated cylinder was placed on the balance to find its mass. The cylinder was then filled with 50 mL of water and put on the balance. From this new mass was subtracted the mass of just the cylinder. It was found that the mass of the water is 50 grams, because the metric system is cool and a milliliter of water is equal to a gram and a cubic centimeter. To find the volume, the markings on the cylinder were read, and it was found that the water had a volume of 50 mL. Water is matter. Air: To prove that air is matter, a balloon, a balance, a bucket, and things to measure length in centimeters were used. For the mass of the air, the bucket and an empty balloon were put on the balance. The bucket is only there to keep the balloon in place. This mass was measured and subtracted from the mass of a full balloon and the same bucket. The air had a mass of 0.1 grams. To find the volume, the diameter was measured using the centimeter measuring things. Then using the formula V = 4/3*3.14*(1/2D)^2, the volume of the balloon was found to be 3054.51 cubic centimeters. We concluded that air is matter.

Salts The things that chemists call salts are not limited to table salt. Some salts other than table salt are copper cholride, magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, potassium cyanide, and sodium acetate. The chemical formula for table salt is NaCl or sodium chloride. A salt is any substance that forms in a reaction between an acid and a base where all or some of the hydrogen is replaced by a metal. A crystal is a substance with a regular geometric form and symmetrically arranged plate faces. Any salt is considered a compound because they all have different elements. Here is a model of a table salt crystal made from toothpicks and marshmallows. The colored marshmallows represent chlorine atoms and the white marshmallows represent sodium. The Method and Results of Separating Salt and Sand Method: The water went into the first beaker with the sand and salt and it was stirred to dissolve the salt. The filter paper was put in the top of the second beaker and the mixture of water, salt, and sand was put through the filter. The wet sand was poured out of the filter paper into the third beaker. The two beakers of saltwater and wet sand were put on the hot plate until the water evaporated. The beakers with the salt and sand were put on the balance and the mass was recorded. Then the same types of beakers were put on the balance and the mass of an empty beaker was subtracted from the mass of the full one. Results and Discussion: The salt had a mass of 1.9 grams. The sand had a mass of 2.1 grams. What was found after boiling was not what was expected. The sand was all along the sides of the beaker. We expected that the sand would sit on the bottom of the beaker and act as it would in a sandbox. The salt was in single crystal all along the bottom with bubbles. We expected a bunch of grains, as it would be in a salt shaker.